Background

Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has significantly improved outcomes among patients with obstructive coronary artery disease. However, growing evidence suggests that clinical outcomes following coronary intervention may differ between men and women due to variations in biological characteristics, risk profiles, disease presentation, procedural factors, and healthcare access.

Objective

This study examines gender differences in clinical outcomes after coronary intervention and explores factors contributing to disparities in procedural success, complications, and long-term cardiovascular outcomes.

Methods

A comprehensive review of contemporary literature, registry data, randomized clinical trials, and observational studies was conducted. Key outcomes evaluated included procedural success, in-hospital complications, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), restenosis, bleeding complications, and long-term mortality.

Results

Women undergoing PCI are generally older at presentation and possess a higher burden of comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease. While procedural success rates are comparable between genders, women exhibit higher rates of bleeding complications and short-term adverse events. Long-term outcomes vary depending on age, comorbidity burden, and treatment strategies.

Conclusion

Gender differences in clinical outcomes after coronary intervention are influenced by complex biological, clinical, and healthcare-related factors. Personalized approaches and gender-specific management strategies may improve outcomes and reduce disparities.